小学英语句子成分分析

对于小学的英语学习来说，英语句子的组成成分结构的学习很重要。下面是小编为大家带来的小学英语句子成分分析，欢迎大家学习!

小学英语句子成分分析

什么叫句子成分呢?句子的组成成分叫句子成分。在句子中，词与词之间有一定的组合关系，按照不同的关系，可以把句子分为不同的组成成分。句子成分由词或词组充当。现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种，即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。英语的基本成分有七种：主语(subject)、谓语(predicate)、表语(predicative)、宾语(object)、定语(attribute)、状语(adverbial) 和补语(complement)。

英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。

英语五种基本句型列式如下：

一： S V (主+谓)

二： S V P (主+系+表)

三： S V O (主+谓+宾)

四： S V o O (主+谓+间宾+直宾)

五： S V O C (主+谓+宾+宾补)

基本句型 一：S V (主+谓)

主语：可以作主语的成分有名词(如boy)，主格代词(如you)，动词不定式，动名词等。主语一般在句首。注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家!

谓语：谓语由动词构成，是英语时态、语态变化的主角，一般在主语之后。不及物动词(vi.)没有宾语，形成主谓结构，如：We come.

此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。

S │ V (不及物动词)

1. The sun │was shining. 太阳在照耀着。

2. The moon │rose. 月亮升起了。

3. The universe │remains. 宇宙长存。

4. We all │breathe, eat, and drink. 我们大家都呼吸、吃和喝。

5. Who │cares? 管它呢?

6. What he said │does not matter. 他所讲的没有什么关系。

7. They │talked for half an hour. 他们谈了半个小时。

8. The pen │writes smoothly 这支笔书写流利。

基本句型 二： S V P (主+系+表)

此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。系动词分两类：be, look, keep, seem等属一类，表示情况;get, grow, become, turn等属另一类，表示变化。be 本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的作用。其它系动词仍保持其部分词义。感官动词多可用作联系动词：look well/面色好,sound nice/听起来不错,feel good/感觉好，smell bad/难闻

S │V(是系动词)│ P

1. This │is │an English-Chinese dictionary. 这是本英汉辞典。

2. The dinner │smells │good. 午餐的气味很好。

3. He │fell │in love. 他堕入了情网。

4. Everything │looks │different. 一切看来都不同了。

5. He │is growing │tall and strong. 他长得又高又壮

6. The trouble│is │that they are short of money. 麻烦的是他们缺少钱。

7. Our well │has gone │dry. 我们井干枯了。

8. His face │turned │red. 他的脸红了。

There be 结构： There be 表示‘存在有’。这里的there没有实际意义，不可与副词‘there那里’混淆。

此结构后跟名词，表示‘(存在)有某事物’

试比较：There is a boy there.(那儿有一个男孩。)/前一个there无实意，后一个there为副词‘那里’。

基本句型 三： S V O (主+谓+宾)

此句型句子的共同特点是：谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。宾语位于及物动词之后，一般同主语构成一样，不同的是构成宾语的代词必须是‘代词宾格’，如：me，him，them等

S │V(及物动词)│ O

1. Who │knows │the answer? 谁知道答案?

2. She │smiled │her thanks. 她微笑表示感谢。

3. He │has refused │to help them. 他拒绝帮他们。

4. He │enjoys │reading. 他喜欢看书。

5. They │ate │what was left over. 他们吃了剩饭。

6. He │said │"Good morning." 他说："早上好!"

7. I │want │to have a cup of tea. 我想喝杯茶。

8. He │admits │that he was mistaken. 他承认犯了错误。

小学英语句子组成解析

常用的英语句子并不都象基本句型这样简短，这些句子除了基本句型的成分不变外，通常是在这些成分的前面或后面增加一些修饰语(modifier)而加以扩大。这些修饰语可以是单词(主要是形容词、副词和数词)，也可以是各种类型的短语(主要是介词短语、不定式短语和分词短语)。我们称之为：定语、状语

一、 定语：定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用‘……的’表示。定语通常位于被修饰的成分前。若修饰some,any,every,no构成的复合不定代词时，(如：something、nothing);或不定式、分词短语作定语、从句作定语时，则定语通常置后。副词用作定语时须放在名词之后。

形容词作定语：

The little boy needs a blue pen.(little修饰名词boy;blue修饰名词pen.)/小男孩需要一支兰色的钢笔。

Tom is a handsome boy./Tom是个英俊的男孩。

There is a good boy./有个乖男孩。

数词作定语相当于形容词：

Two boys need two pens./两个男孩需要两支钢笔。

The two boys are students./这两个男孩是学生。

There are two boys in the room./房间里有两个男孩。

代词或名词所有格作定语：

His boy needs Tom\&39;s pen./他的男孩需要Tom的钢笔。

His name is Tom./他的名字是汤姆。

There are two boys of Toms there./那儿有Tom家的两个男孩。

介词短语作定语：

The boy in the classroom needs a pen of yours./教室里的男孩需要你的一支钢笔。

The boy in blue is Tom./穿兰色衣服的孩子是汤姆。

There are two boys of 9,and three of 10./有两个9岁的，三个10岁的男孩。

名词作定语：

The boy needs a ball pen./男孩需要一支圆珠笔。

It is a ball pen./这是一支圆珠笔。

There is only one ball pen in the pencil box./这铅笔盒里只有一支圆珠笔。

副词作定语：

The boy there needs a pen./那儿的男孩需要一支钢笔。

The best boy here is Tom./这里最棒的男孩是Tom。

不定式作定语：

The boy to write this letter needs a pen./写这封信的男孩需要一支钢笔。

The boy to write this letter is Tom./将要写这封信的男孩是汤姆。

There is nothing to do today./今天无事要做。

分词(短语)作定语：

The smiling boy needs a pen bought by his mother./那个微笑的男孩需要一支他妈妈买的钢笔。 The pen bought by her is made in China./她买的笔是中国产的。

There are five boys left./有五个留下的男孩。

定语从句：

The boy who is reading needs the pen which you bought yesterday./那个在阅读的男孩需要你昨天买的钢笔。

The boy you will know is Tom./你将认识的男孩叫汤姆。

There are five boys who will play the game./参加游戏的男孩有五个。

。

状语在句子中的位置很灵活，常见情况为：通常在句子基本结构之后，强调时放在句首;修饰形容词或副词时，通常位于被修饰的词之前;表示时间、地点、目的的状语一般位于句子两头，强调时放在句首，地点状语一般须在时间状语之前;一些表示不确定时间(如：often)或程度(如：almost)的副词状语通常位于be动词、助动词、情态动词之后，动词之前。

有时状语在句中的某个位置会引起歧义，应注意，如：The boy calls the girl in the classroom.一般理解成‘男孩喊教室里的女孩‘(此时in the classroom为girl的定语)，也可以理解为‘男孩在教室里喊女孩’(此时in the classroom为地点状语)，最好写作‘In the classroom,the boy calls the girl.\&39;

副词(短语)作状语：

The boy needs a pen very much./男孩非常需要一支钢笔。(程度状语)

The boy needs very much the pen bought by his mother./男孩非常需要他母亲买的那支钢笔。(宾语较长则状语前置)

The boy really needs a pen./男孩真的需要一支钢笔。(程度状语)

The boy needs a pen now./Now,the boy needs a pen./The boy,now,needs a pen./男孩现在需要一钢笔。(时间状语)

介词短语作状语：In the classroom,the boy needs a pen./在教室里，男孩需要一支钢笔。(地点状语)

Before his mother,Tom is always a boy./在母亲面前,汤姆总是一个男孩子.(条件状语) On Sundays,there is no student in the classroom./星期天,教室里没有学生.(时间状语)

分词(短语)作状语：

He sits there,asking for a pen./他坐在那儿要一支笔。(表示伴随状态)

Having to finish his homework,the boy needs a pen./因为不得不完成作业，男孩需要一支笔。(原因状语)

Frightened,he sits there soundlessly./(因为)受了惊吓，他无声地坐在那儿。(原因状语)

不定式作状语：

The boy needs a pen to do his homework./男孩需要一支笔写家庭作业。(目的状语)

To make his dream come true,Tom becomes very interested in business./为实现梦想,汤姆变得对商业很有兴趣.

名词作状语：

Come this way!/走这条路!(方向状语)

状语从句：

时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、结果状语从句、目的状语从句

比较状语从句、让步状语从句、条件状语从句

小学英语句子组成成分学习

句子成分练习题( 一 )

(一). 指出下列句中主语的中心词

① The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.

② There is an old man coming here.

③ The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.

④ To do today&39;s homework without the teacher&39;s help is very difficult.

(二) 选出句中谓语的中心词

① I don&39;t like the picture on the wall.

A. don&39;t B. like C. picture D. wall

② The days get longer and longer when summer comes.

A. get B. longer C. days D. summer

③ Do you usually go to school by bus?

A. Do B. usually C.go D. bus

④ There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.

A. will be B. meeting C. the library D. afternoon

⑤ Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast?

A.Did B. twins C. have D. breakfast

⑥ Tom didn&39;t do his homework yesterday.

A. Tom B. didn&39;t C. do D. his homework

⑦ What I want to tell you is this.

A. want B. to tell C. you D. is

⑧ We had better send for a doctor.

A. We B. had C. send D. doctor

⑨ He is interested in music.

A. is B. interested C. in D. music

⑩ Whom did you give my book to?

A. give B.did C. whom D. book

(三) 挑出下列句中的宾语

① My brother hasn&39;t done his homework.

② People all over the world speak English.

③ You must pay good attention to your pronunciation.

④ How many new words did you learn last class?

⑤ Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you?⑥ The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.

⑦ They made him monitor of the class.

⑧ Go across the bridge and you will find the museum on the left.

⑨ You will find it useful after you leave school.

⑩ They didn&39;t know who "Father Christmas" really is.

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